宝宝们都知道,GMAT阅读有长阅读和短阅读之分,短阅读,尤其是一段式文章,并不像它的名字那样简单,相反,大家在遇到一段式文章的时候,都会存在一个普遍的难点——结构不清晰。
工具/原料
OG
正确的方法
方法/步骤
1、GMAT阅读里面,只有理清了文章结构,才能够顺利的应对接下来的题目,而一段式文章通常都是宝宝们在GMAT考试里面遇到的第一篇文章,如何掌握住题目,确保不掉库尤为重要,所以小7今天以一道例题来给大家讲解一下,关于一段式文章如何处理!
2、Priorto1965geologistsassumedthatthetwogiantrockplatesmeetingattheSanAndreasFaultgenerateheatthroughfrictionastheygrindpasteachother,butin1965Henyeyfoundthattemperaturesindrillholesnearthefaultwerenotaselevatedashadbeenexpected.Somegeologistswonderedwhethertheabsenceoffriction-generatedheatcouldbeexplainedbythekindsofrockcomposingthefault.Geologists'pre-1965assumptionsconcerningheatgeneratedinthefaultwerebasedoncalculationsaboutcommonvarietiesofrocks,suchaslimestoneandgranite;but"weaker"materials,suchasclays,hadalreadybeenidentifiedinsamplesretrievedfromthefaultzone.Undernormalconditions,rockscomposedofclayproducefarlessfrictionthandootherrocktypes.In1992Byerleetestedwhetherthesematerialswouldproducefriction10to15kilometersbelowtheEarth'ssurface.ByerleefoundthatwhenclaysamplesweresubjectedtothethousandsofatmospheresofpressuretheywouldencounterdeepinsidetheEarth,theyproducedasmuchfrictionaswasproducedbyotherrocktypes.Theharderrockspushagainsteachother,thehottertheybecome;inotherwords,pressureitself,notonlytherocks'properties,affectsfrictionalheating.Geologiststhereforewonderedwhetherthefrictionbetweentheplateswasbeingreducedbypocketsofpressurizedwaterwithinthefaultthatpushtheplatesawayfromeachother.
3、解析:一段式文章,因为本身篇幅不长,所以可以采取从头开始看的办法来处理,理清楚结构和层次。
方法/步骤2
1、首先第一句Priorto1965geologistsassumedthatthetwogiantrockplatesmeetingattheSanAndreasFaultgenerateheatthroughfrictionastheygrindpasteachother,butin1965Henyeyfoundthattemperaturesindrillholesnearthefaultwerenotaselevatedashadbeenexpected.这句话有两个点需要注意。首先是but前面的,1965年之前的地理学家的assume的内容,也就是assumption猜想(SAF处的两大岩层通过摩擦产热);but之后,but就是代表转折了,出现的Henry的意外发现(SAF处的断层并没有想象中的那么高)就是对前面的地理学家的assumption进行的转折。
2、有了Henry这个意外发现,somegeologists就开始对这一发现进行了猜想:Somegeologistswonderedwhethertheabsenceoffriction-generatedheatcouldbeexplainedbythekindsofrockcomposingthefault.(是否可以用岩石种类这个原因去解释Henry的发现)
3、既然猜想的是岩石种类这个原因,那就对岩石种类这个因素进行一下背景介绍:Geologists'pre-1965assumptionsconcerningheatgeneratedinthefaultwerebasedoncalculationsaboutcommonvarietiesofrocks,suchaslimestoneandgranite;but"weaker"materials,suchasclays,hadalreadybeenidentifiedinsamplesretrievedfromthefaultzone.Undernormalconditions,rockscomposedofclayproducefarlessfrictionthandootherrocktypes地理学家的1965年之前的猜想都是基于commonrocks的,也就是硬的岩石;但是在软的岩石早已被发现于断层中,只是没有被考虑进去。通常情况下,软的岩石的摩擦力比硬的低。(感觉岩石种类的猜想可行的样子~)
方法/步骤3
1、接着1992年B这个人做实验就验证前面这个猜想:In1992Byerleetestedwhetherthesematerialswouldproducefriction10to15kilometersbelowtheEarth'ssurface.ByerleefoundthatwhenclaysamplesweresubjectedtothethousandsofatmospheresofpressuretheywouldencounterdeepinsidetheEarth,theyproducedasmuchfrictionaswasproducedbyotherrocktypes.Theharderrockspushagainsteachother,thehottertheybecome;inotherwords,pressureitself,notonlytherocks'properties,affectsfrictionalheating.实验结果是:1.摩擦力不管是硬是软,摩擦力一样,推翻了岩石种类猜想2.互相压的力越大,产热越多。
2、由于前面这个第2个实验结果,地理学家提出了另外一个猜想:Geologiststhereforewonderedwhetherthefrictionbetweentheplateswasbeingreducedbypocketsofpressurizedwaterwithinthefaultthatpushtheplatesawayfromeachother.(岩层之间的水→岩层压力变小→摩擦产热降低→解释henry发现)
3、所以这篇文章的一个文章结构就是意外发现→解释。再细分一点就是意外发现→解释1→(通过实验推翻解释1)→(通过实验结果)提出解释2