复述原题+表明自己的立场 “Solongasnolawsarebroken,thereisnothingunethicalaboutdoingwhateveryouneedtodotopromoteexistingproductsortocreatenewproducts.” Thespeakerassertsthatincreatingandmarketingproducts,companiesactethicallymerelybynotviolatinganylaws.Althoughthespeaker’spositionisnotwhollyinsupportable,farmorecompellingargumentscanbemadeforholdingbusinessestohigherethicalstandardsthanthoserequiredbytheletterofthelaw.
方法/步骤
1、复述原题+指出其复杂性+表明自己的立场 Mostpeoplewouldagreethatbuildingsrepresentavaluablerecordofanysociety’spast,butcontroversyariseswhenoldbuildingsstandongroundthatmodernplannersfeelcouldbebetterusedformodernpurposes. Theissueofwhethertorazeanold,historicbuildingtomakewayforprogressisacomplexone,sinceitinvolvesaconflictbetweenourinterestinpreservingourculture,tradition,andhistoryandalegitimateneedtocreatepracticalfacilitiesthatservecurrentutilitarianpurposes.Inmyview,thefinaljudgmentshoulddependonacase-by-caseanalysisoftwokeyfactors.
2、 翱务校肢复述原题+指出其暗含假设+表明自己的立场 “Clearly,governmenthasaresponsibilitytosupportthearts.However,惺绅寨瞀ifthatsupportisgoingtoproduceanythingofvalue,governmentmustplacenorestrictionsontheartthatisproduced.” Thespeakerherearguesthatgovernmentmustsupporttheartsbutatthesametimeimposenocontroloverwhatartisproduced.Theimplicitrationaleforgovernmentinterventionintheartsisthat,withoutit,culturaldeclineanderosionofoursocialfabricwillresult.However,Ifindnoempiricalevidencetosupportthisargument,whichinanyeventisunconvincinginlightofmorepersuasiveargumentsthatgovernmentshouldplaynopartineithersupportingorrestrictingthearts.
3、复述原题+适当让步+表明自己的立场 “Workgreatlyinfluencespe艺皱麾酪ople’spersonalli即枢潋雳ves—theirspecialinterests,theirleisureactivities,eventheirappearancewayfromtheworkplace.” Thespeakerclaimsthatourjobsgreatlyinfluenceourpersonalinterests,recreationalactivitiesandevenappearance.WhileIagreethatthepersonallivesofsomepeoplearelargelydeterminedbytheirwork,inmyviewitwouldbeamistaketodrawthisconclusiongenerally.Inmyobservation,theextenttowhichoccupationinfluencespersonallifedependsonthenatureofthework,andhowcentraltheworkistoone’ssenseofself. “Weshapeourbuildingsandafterwardsourbuildingsshapeus.” Ibelievethisstatementshouldbeinterpretedbroadly—tomeanthatweareinfluencedbytheexteriorshapeofbuildings,aswellasbythearrangementofmultiplebuildingsandbyabuilding’svariousarchitecturalandaestheticelements.WhileIdoubtthatbuildingsdetermineourcharacterorbasicpersonalitytraits,Iagreethattheycangreatlyinfluenceourattitudes,moods,andevenlifestyles.
4、 提问+作者的观点+表明自己的立场 “Astechnologiesandthedemandforcertainserviceschange,manyworkerswilllosetheirjobs.Theresponsibilityforthosepeopletoadjusttosuchchangeshouldbelongtotheindividualworker,nottogovernmentortobusiness.” Astechnologyandchangingsocialneedsrendermoreandmorejobsobsolete,whoisresponsibleforhelpingdisplacedworkersadjustWhileindividualshaveprimaryresponsibilityforlearningnewskillsandfindingwork,bothindustryandgovernmenthavesomeobligationtoprovidethemthemeansofdoingso. 表明自己的立场+原因
5、表明自己的立场+原因 Businessesareaslikelyasaregovernmentstoestablishlargebureaucracies,butbureaucracyisfarmoredamagingtoabusinessthanitistoagovernment. Contrarytothestatement’spremise,myviewisthatbusinessesarelesslikelythangovernmenttoestablishlargebureaucracies,becausebusinessesknowthattheyaremorevulnerablethangovernmenttodamageresultingfrombureaucraticinefficiencies.Mypositioniswellsupportedbycommonsenseandbyobservation.
6、创意型开头 “Astechnologiesandthedemandforcertainserviceschange,manyworkerswilllosetheirjobs.Theresponsibilityforthosepeopletoadjusttosuchchangeshouldbelongtotheindividualworker,nottogovernmentortobusiness. Asasayinggoes,“Godhelpsthosehelpthemselves”,whichistrueinmostcases.Butasfarasthelargenumbersoflaid-offworkerscausedbythetechnologicalandmarketchangesareconcerned,Ibelievethegovernmentandthebusinesscertainlyhaveanunshakableresponsibilitytotake.